Titanium Dioxide

• Coating industry. Especially rutile titanium dioxide, most of which is consumed by the coating industry. Coatings made with titanium dioxide powder are bright in color, high in hiding power, strong in tinting power, low in dosage, and of many varieties. They can protect the stability of the medium, enhance the mechanical strength and adhesion of the paint film, prevent cracks, ultraviolet rays and water penetration, and extend the life of the paint film.
• Plastic and rubber industry. Adding titanium dioxide to plastics can improve the heat resistance, light resistance, and weather resistance of plastic products, improve the physical and chemical properties of plastic products, enhance the mechanical strength of products, and extend the service life. In addition, in the rubber industry, titanium dioxide is used as a colorant, and has the functions of reinforcement, anti-aging, and filling.
• Papermaking industry. As a paper filler, titanium dioxide powder is mainly used in high-grade paper and thin paper. Adding titanium dioxide to paper can make the paper have better whiteness, good gloss, high strength, thin and smooth, non-penetrating during printing, and light weight.
• Ink industry. It is also an indispensable white pigment in high-grade inks. Inks containing titanium dioxide will not change color for a long time, have good surface wettability and are easy to disperse.
• Enamel industry. Enamel-grade titanium dioxide has high purity, good whiteness, bright color, uniform particle size, strong refractive index and high color-reducing power, and has strong opacity and opacity, making the coating thin, smooth and acid-resistant after enameling.
• Cosmetics industry. Because titanium dioxide is non-toxic and chemically stable, with high refractive index, high opacity, high hiding power and good whiteness, it is widely used in the field of cosmetics, such as as a physical sunscreen in sunscreen products, as a concealer ingredient in base makeup products, as an oil-absorbing ingredient in powder products, etc., and can also be used as a colorant for color adjustment.
• Food industry. As a food additive, titanium dioxide is mainly used as a white colorant, which can increase the gloss and whiteness of food and enhance the sensory perception of the product. Therefore, it is widely used in products such as candy, chocolate, cakes, food supplements, baked decorations, etc., especially candy coatings, chocolate coatings and other products.
• In addition, titanium dioxide can also be used in chemical fiber, electronics, glass, medicine, welding rods, alloys, flux and roof paving and other fields.

1. High covering power and whiteness. TiO2 titanium dioxide has extremely high hiding power and whiteness, which is its most significant performance feature. It effectively masks the color and texture of the substrate, leaving the coating or article a bright, pure white. This characteristic makes titanium dioxide an indispensable white pigment in industries such as coatings, plastics, and papermaking.
2. Excellent weather resistance and stability. This chemical has good weather resistance and stability, and can resist the erosion of harsh environmental conditions such as ultraviolet rays, high temperature, and high humidity. This makes it excellent in products such as outdoor coatings and automotive paints that require prolonged exposure to the elements.
3. Good dispersion and processability. After proper surface treatment, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has good dispersion in coatings, plastics and other substrates. It can be evenly dispersed in the substrate to form a uniform coating or article. At the same time, titanium dioxide also has good processability and can be used with other pigments, fillers, etc. to meet different processing needs.
4. Chemical stability. Titanium dioxide hardly reacts with other elements and compounds at room temperature and has excellent resistance to a variety of chemical substances. This allows it to maintain stable performance under a variety of industrial conditions.
5. Photocatalytic performance. Some specially treated titanium dioxide also has good photocatalytic properties. It can catalytically decompose harmful gases in the air, such as formaldehyde, benzene, etc., and purify indoor air. This characteristic makes titanium dioxide have broad application prospects in fields such as air purification and environmentally friendly coatings.
6. Non-toxic and environmentally friendly. The titanium dioxide powder is a non-toxic, environmentally friendly pigment. It will not cause harm to the human body and the environment, and meets the requirements of modern industry for environmental protection and sustainable development. Therefore, titanium dioxide is also widely used in products that require direct contact with the human body, such as food packaging and cosmetics.

1. Sulfuric Acid Process

As a traditional production process, the sulfuric acid process uses ilmenite or acid-soluble titanium slag as its main raw materials. This process has the advantages of a wide range of raw materials, low cost, mature and stable technology, and can produce both anatase and rutile titanium dioxide crystal forms. However, this process also has significant disadvantages, such as a long production process, high energy consumption, large amounts of waste acid and waste slag, and high environmental disposal costs. The specific process is roughly divided into the following steps:

• Acid hydrolysis. Ilmenite is mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid in a specific ratio and reacted at high temperature to produce a soluble titanium salt solution, while also producing a large amount of by-products such as ferrous sulfate.
• Purification. The acid-hydrolyzed titanium salt solution is subjected to sedimentation and filtration to remove impurities, resulting in a relatively pure titanium solution.
• Hydrolysis. The purified titanium solution is heated and hydrolyzed to produce a metatitanic acid precipitate. Control of the hydrolysis process significantly affects the particle size and properties of the final product.
• Calcination. The metatitanic acid precipitate is washed, dried, and then calcined at high temperature to convert it into titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide). Controlling the calcination temperature and time directly affects the crystal form and whiteness of titanium dioxide.
• Post-processing. Calcinated titanium dioxide undergoes pulverization and surface treatment to improve its dispersibility, weatherability, and other properties to meet the needs of various applications.

2. Chlorination Process

The chlorination process is a relatively advanced titanium dioxide production process. And its raw materials are primarily natural rutile, synthetic rutile, or high-titanium slag. Its advantages include a short production process, a high degree of automation, high product purity, excellent whiteness, and uniform particle size distribution. It also generates less “three wastes,” resulting in better environmental performance. However, this process has high raw material requirements, requiring high-grade titanium raw materials, large equipment investment, and relatively high technical difficulty. It is primarily used to produce rutile titanium dioxide. The process primarily involves the following:

• Chlorination. The raw materials react with chlorine at high temperatures to produce titanium tetrachloride. This process requires a specialized reactor, and other chloride impurities generated by the reaction must be removed.
• Refining. The resulting titanium tetrachloride undergoes refining treatments such as distillation to produce high-purity titanium tetrachloride.
• Oxidation. High-purity titanium tetrachloride is oxidized with oxygen at high temperatures to produce titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide) particles. Controlling the oxidation reaction conditions is crucial to the product’s particle size distribution and crystal form.
• Post-processing. Similar to the sulfuric acid method, the oxidized titanium dioxide also needs to be crushed, surface treated and other processes to improve its performance.

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